Desmids are an order The Latin suffix -formes meaning "having the form of" is used for the scientific name of orders of birds and fishes, but not for those of mammals and invertebrates (Desmidiales) of green algae The green algae are the large group of algae from which the embryophytes (higher plants) emerged. As such, they form a paraphyletic group, although the group including both green algae and embryophytes is monophyletic (and often just known as kingdom Plantae). The green algae include unicellular and colonial flagellates, usually but not always,[1] comprising around 40 genera In biology, a genus is a low-level taxonomic rank (a taxon) used in the classification of living and fossil organisms, which is an example of definition by genus and differentia. The term comes from Latin genus "descent, family, type, gender", cognate with Greek: γένος – genos, "race, stock, kin" and 5,000[2] to 6,000[3] species In biology, a species is one of the basic units of biological classification and a taxonomic rank. A species is often defined as a group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring. While in many cases this definition is adequate, more precise or differing measures are often used, such as similarity of DNA, morphology or, found mostly but not exclusively in fresh water Freshwater or fresh water is naturally occurring water on the Earth's surface in bogs, ponds, lakes, rivers and streams, and underground as groundwater in aquifers and underground streams. Freshwater is characterized by having low concentrations of dissolved salts and other total dissolved solids. The term specifically excludes seawater and. Most are unicellular The cell is the functional basic unit of life. It was discovered by Robert Hooke and is the functional unit of all known living organisms. It is the smallest unit of life that is classified as a living thing, and is often called the building block of life. Some organisms, such as most bacteria, are unicellular . Other organisms, such as humans,, and are divided into two compartments separated by a narrow bridge or isthmus. Desmids assume a variety of highly symmetrical Symmetry , generally conveys two primary meanings. The first is an imprecise sense of harmonious or aesthetically pleasing proportionality and balance; such that it reflects beauty or perfection. The second meaning is a precise and well-defined concept of balance or "patterned self-similarity" that can be demonstrated or proved according and generally attractive shapes, which provide the basis for their classification. Each compartment has one chloroplast Chloroplasts are organelles found in plant cells and other eukaryotic organisms that conduct photosynthesis. Chloroplasts capture light energy to conserve free energy in the form of ATP and reduce NADP to NADPH through a complex set of processes called photosynthesis, and no flagella A flagellum is a tail-like projection that protrudes from the cell body of certain prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, and functions in locomotion. There are some notable differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic flagella, such as protein composition, structure, and mechanism of propulsion. An example of a flagellated bacterium is the ulcer-. Sexual reproduction occurs through a process of conjugation,[4] also found among the Zygnematales The Zygnematales (Greek: ζυγός + νήμα (nēma) (nom.), νήματος (nēmatos) (gen.)), also called the Conjugales, are an order of green algae, comprising several thousand different species in genera such as the well-known Zygnema and Spirogyra. All the members of this group develop into unbranched filaments, one cell thick, which grow. These two groups are closely related, and may be united as the division Gamophyta. The desmids are sometimes treated as members of the Zygnematales, but more often given the separate order Desmidiales.

References

  1. ^ Gontcharov AA, Marin BA, Melkonian MA (January 2003). "Molecular phylogeny of conjugating green algae (Zygnemophyceae, Streptophyta) inferred from SSU rDNA sequence comparisons". J. Mol. Evol. 56 (1): 89–104. doi A digital object identifier is a character string used to uniquely identify an electronic document or other object. Metadata about the object is stored in association with the DOI name and this metadata may include a location, such as a URL, where the object can be found. The DOI for a document is permanent, whereas its location and other metadata:10.1007/s00239-002-2383-4. PMID A PMID is a unique number assigned to each PubMed citation of life sciences and biomedical scientific journal articles. The related Pubmed Central archive may additionally assign a separate number, a PMCID (PubMed Central Identifier), normally written with a PMC prefix 12569426.
  2. ^ Van den Hoek, C., D. G. Mann, & H. M. Jahns, 1995. Algae:An Introduction to Phycology, page 468. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press). ISBN 0-521-30419-9
  3. ^ Brook, Alan J., 1981. The Biology of Desmids, page 1. (Berkeley: University of California Press). ISBN 0-520-04281-6
  4. ^ Kapraun DF (April 2007). "Nuclear DNA content estimates in green algal lineages: chlorophyta and streptophyta". Ann. Bot. 99 (4): 677–701. doi A digital object identifier is a character string used to uniquely identify an electronic document or other object. Metadata about the object is stored in association with the DOI name and this metadata may include a location, such as a URL, where the object can be found. The DOI for a document is permanent, whereas its location and other metadata:10.1093/aob/mcl294. PMID A PMID is a unique number assigned to each PubMed citation of life sciences and biomedical scientific journal articles. The related Pubmed Central archive may additionally assign a separate number, a PMCID (PubMed Central Identifier), normally written with a PMC prefix 17272304. PMC PubMed Central is a free digital database of full-text scientific literature in biomedical and life sciences. It grew from the online Entrez PubMed biomedical literature search system. PubMed Central was developed by the U.S. National Library of Medicine as an online archive of biomedical journal articles 2802934. http://aob.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=17272304.

External links

Classification of Archaeplastida The Archaeplastida are a major group of eukaryotes, comprising the red and green algae and the land plants, together with a small group called the glaucophytes. The plastids of all of these organisms are surrounded by two membranes, suggesting they developed directly from endosymbiotic cyanobacteria. In all other groups, plastids are surrounded by / Plantae sensu lato Plants are living organisms belonging to the kingdom Plantae. They include familiar organisms such as trees, herbs, bushes, grasses, vines, ferns, mosses, and green algae. The scientific study of plants, known as botany, has identified about 350,000 extant species of plants, defined as seed plants, bryophytes, ferns and fern allies. As of 2004,
Rhodophyta The Red algae (or Rhodophyta, pronounced /roʊˈdɒfɨtə, ˌroʊdəˈfaɪtə/, from Greek: ῥόδον = rose + φυτόν (phyton) = plant, thus red plant) are one of the oldest groups of eukaryotic algae, and also one of the largest, with about 5,000–6,000 species of mostly multicellular, marine algae, including many notable seaweeds. Other Rhodophyceae · Bangiophyceae Bangiophyceae was a class of red algae; it has since been merged with the Floridophyceae to form the Rhodophyceae. The Bangiophyceae, as defined traditionally, are paraphyletic.. Their taxonomic identification has been difficult because of a lack of distinct morphological features, and the presumed morphological plasticity of the species · Florideophyceae Florideophyceae was a class of red algae. It is now merged with the Bangiaceae into the Rhodophyceae, although the subclass Florideae is in use. They were once thought to be the only algae to bear pit connections, but these have since been found in the filamentous stage of the Bangiacae · Goniotrichales · Stylonematophyceae
Glaucocystophyceae The glaucophytes, also known as glaucocystophytes or glaucocystids, are a small group of freshwater microscopic algae. Together with the red algae and green algae plus land plants (Viridiplantae or Chloroplastida), they form the Archaeplastida. However, the relationships between the red algae, green algae and glaucophytes are unclear, in large Glaucocystis The glaucophytes, also known as glaucocystophytes or glaucocystids, are a small group of freshwater microscopic algae. Together with the red algae and green algae plus land plants (Viridiplantae or Chloroplastida), they form the Archaeplastida. However, the relationships between the red algae, green algae and glaucophytes are unclear, in large · Cyanophora The glaucophytes, also known as glaucocystophytes or glaucocystids, are a small group of freshwater microscopic algae. Together with the red algae and green algae plus land plants (Viridiplantae or Chloroplastida), they form the Archaeplastida. However, the relationships between the red algae, green algae and glaucophytes are unclear, in large · Gloeochaete The glaucophytes, also known as glaucocystophytes or glaucocystids, are a small group of freshwater microscopic algae. Together with the red algae and green algae plus land plants (Viridiplantae or Chloroplastida), they form the Archaeplastida. However, the relationships between the red algae, green algae and glaucophytes are unclear, in large
Viridiplantae Viridiplantae are a clade comprising the green algae and land plants/ Plantae sensu stricto Plants are living organisms belonging to the kingdom Plantae. They include familiar organisms such as trees, herbs, bushes, grasses, vines, ferns, mosses, and green algae. The scientific study of plants, known as botany, has identified about 350,000 extant species of plants, defined as seed plants, bryophytes, ferns and fern allies. As of 2004,
Chlorophyta Chlorophyta, a division of green algae, includes about 7,000 species of mostly aquatic photosynthetic eukaryotic organisms. Like the land plants , green algae contain chlorophylls a and b, and store food as starch in their plastids. They are related to the Charophyta and Embryophyta (land plants), together making up the Viridiplantae/GA The green algae are the large group of algae from which the embryophytes (higher plants) emerged. As such, they form a paraphyletic group, although the group including both green algae and embryophytes is monophyletic (and often just known as kingdom Plantae). The green algae include unicellular and colonial flagellates, usually but not always

Prasinophyceae In taxonomy, Prasinophytes are a class of the Division Chlorophyta. These are primitive eukaryotic, marine green algae. Its best known genus is Ostreococcus , which is considered to be the smallest (ca. 0.95 μm) free-living eukaryote and which has been detected in marine samples around the world. Prasinophytes are thought to have low cellular

UTC clade It includes Ulvophyceae, Trebouxiophyceae and Chlorophyceae: Ulvophyceae The Ulvophyceae or Ulvophytes are class of green algae, distinguished mainly on the basis of ultrastructural morphology. The sea lettuce, Ulva, belongs here. Other well-known members include Ulothrix and Acetabularia. The Ulvophytes are diverse in their morphology and their habitat. Most are seaweeds such as those listed above. Others, such as · Trebouxiophyceae In taxonomy, the Trebouxiophyceae are a class of green algae, in the division Chlorophyta · Chlorophyceae The Chlorophyceae are one of the classes of green algae, distinguished mainly on the basis of ultrastructural morphology. For example the chlorophycean CW clade, and chlorophycean DO clade, are defined by the arrangement of their flagella. Members of the CW clade have flagella that are displaced in a "clockwise" direction eg
Streptophyta Streptophytina is formally a subdivision or subphylum which contains two classes: Charophyceae, containing the Charales order (Charophytes sensu stricto); and Embryophyceae, which contains the embryophytes (land plants, bryophytes, and vascular plants)
Charophyta The Charophyta are a division of green algae, including the closest relatives of the embryophyte plants. In some groups, such as conjugating green algae, flagellate cells do not occur. The latter group does engage in sexual reproduction, and motility does not involve flagella, since they are totally lacking. Flagellate cells in the form of sperm/GA The green algae are the large group of algae from which the embryophytes (higher plants) emerged. As such, they form a paraphyletic group, although the group including both green algae and embryophytes is monophyletic (and often just known as kingdom Plantae). The green algae include unicellular and colonial flagellates, usually but not always
Chlorokybophyceae Chlorokybus atmophyticus is a species of soil alga found in alpine areas. It has been classified as the sole member of the class Chlorokybophyceae within the plant division Charophyta Chlorokybales Chlorokybus atmophyticus is a species of soil alga found in alpine areas. It has been classified as the sole member of the class Chlorokybophyceae within the plant division Charophyta
Klebsormidiophyceae The Klebsormidiales are an order containing three genera of charophyte green alga forming multicellular, non-branching filaments Klebsormidiales The Klebsormidiales are an order containing three genera of charophyte green alga forming multicellular, non-branching filaments
Zygnematophyceae Zygnematophyceae is an order of green algae. It contains two orders: Zygnematales and Desmidiales Desmidiales · Zygnematales The Zygnematales (Greek: ζυγός + νήμα (nēma) (nom.), νήματος (nēmatos) (gen.)), also called the Conjugales, are an order of green algae, comprising several thousand different species in genera such as the well-known Zygnema and Spirogyra. All the members of this group develop into unbranched filaments, one cell thick, which grow
Charophyceae Charophyceae is a taxon of green algae whose exact rank is the matter of some current debate. Some botanists recommend expanding the existing plant kingdom to include charophyceans and chlorophytes while others consider Charophyceae to be a class within either the divisions Chlorophyta, Streptophytina, or Streptophyta. Other systematists classify Charales Charales is an order of pondweeds, freshwater algae in the division Charophyta. They are green plants believed to be the closest relatives of the green land plants. Linnaeus established the genus in 1753
Coleochaetophyceae The Coleochaetales are an order of parenchymous charophyte algae, so they represents one of the most primitive multicellular relatives of land plants. They questionably include the fossil genus Parka Coleochaetales The Coleochaetales are an order of parenchymous charophyte algae, so they represents one of the most primitive multicellular relatives of land plants. They questionably include the fossil genus Parka
Embryophyta The embryophytes are the most familiar group of plants. They are often called land plants because they live primarily in terrestrial habitats, in contrast with the related green algae that are primarily aquatic. The embryophytes include trees, flowers, ferns, mosses, and various other green land plants. All are complex multicellular eukaryotes/ Plantae sensu strictissimo Plants are living organisms belonging to the kingdom Plantae. They include familiar organisms such as trees, herbs, bushes, grasses, vines, ferns, mosses, and green algae. The scientific study of plants, known as botany, has identified about 350,000 extant species of plants, defined as seed plants, bryophytes, ferns and fern allies. As of 2004,
Bryophytes Bryophytes are all embryophytes that are non-vascular: they have tissues and enclosed reproductive systems, but they lack vascular tissue that circulates liquids. They neither have flowers nor produce seeds, reproducing via spores. The term bryophyte comes from Greek βρύον - bryon, "tree-moss, oyster-green" + φυτόν - fyton & (non-vascular Non-vascular plants is a general term for those plants without a vascular system . Although non-vascular plants lack these particular tissues, a number of non-vascular plants possess tissues specialized for internal transport of water...) Marchantiophyta · Anthocerotophyta · Bryophyta "Moss" · Horneophytopsida
Tracheophyta
Lycopodiophyta Isoetopsida (Isoetales, Selaginellales) · Lycopodiopsida (Lycopodiales)
Euphyllophyta Moniliformopses (Equisetopsida, Filicopsida, Psilotopsida) Spermatophyta: Gymnosperm (Pinophyta, Cycadophyta, Ginkgophyta, Gnetophyta) · Magnoliophyta
See also: list of plant orders
Wikispecies has information related to: Desmidiales

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Categories: Green algae | Plant orders

 

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