Streptophytina is formally a subdivision or subphylum (but sometimes used at the division level, where more appropriate would be the use of the term Streptophyta, see below) which contains two classes: Charophyceae Charophyceae is a taxon of green algae whose exact rank is the matter of some current debate. Some botanists recommend expanding the existing plant kingdom to include charophyceans and chlorophytes while others consider Charophyceae to be a class within either the divisions Chlorophyta, Streptophytina, or Streptophyta. Other systematists classify, containing the Charales Charales is an order of pondweeds, freshwater algae in the division Charophyta. They are green plants believed to be the closest relatives of the green land plants. Linnaeus established the genus in 1753 order (Charophytes sensu stricto); and Embryophyceae, which contains the embryophytes The embryophytes are the most familiar group of plants. They include trees, flowers, ferns, mosses, and various other green land plants. All are complex multicellular eukaryotes with specialized reproductive organs. With very few exceptions, embryophytes obtain their energy through photosynthesis ; and they synthesize their food from carbon (land plants The embryophytes are the most familiar group of plants. They include trees, flowers, ferns, mosses, and various other green land plants. All are complex multicellular eukaryotes with specialized reproductive organs. With very few exceptions, embryophytes obtain their energy through photosynthesis ; and they synthesize their food from carbon, bryophytes Bryophytes are all embryophytes that are non-vascular: they have tissues and enclosed reproductive systems, but they lack vascular tissue that circulates liquids. They neither have flowers nor produce seeds, reproducing via spores. The term bryophyte comes from Greek βρύον - bryon, "tree-moss, oyster-green" + φυτόν - fyton &, and vascular plants Vascular plants are those plants that have lignified tissues for conducting water, minerals, and photosynthetic products through the plant. Vascular plants include the ferns, clubmosses, flowering plants, conifers and other gymnosperms. Scientific names for the group include Tracheophyta and Tracheobionta, but neither name is very widely used.[).
The term streptophyta, formally a term for a division In biology, a phylum [note 1] is a taxonomic rank below Kingdom and above Class. "Phylum" is equivalent to the botanical term division or phylum, is also used to indicate a subkingdom and used to include land plants (embryophytes) as well as several orders of green algae (class Charophyceae Charophyceae is a taxon of green algae whose exact rank is the matter of some current debate. Some botanists recommend expanding the existing plant kingdom to include charophyceans and chlorophytes while others consider Charophyceae to be a class within either the divisions Chlorophyta, Streptophytina, or Streptophyta. Other systematists classify) previously included in the division Charophyta The Charophyta are a division of green algae, including the closest relatives of the embryophyte plants. In some groups, such as conjugating green algae, flagellate cells do not occur. The latter group does engage in sexual reproduction, and motility does not involve flagella, since they are totally lacking. Flagellate cells in the form of sperm.[1]
One study included Mesostigmatales, Chlorokybales, Klebsormidiales, Zygnematales The Zygnematales (Greek: ζυγός + νήμα (nēma) (nom.), νήματος (nēmatos) (gen.)), also called the Conjugales, are an order of green algae, comprising several thousand different species in genera such as the well-known Zygnema and Spirogyra. All the members of this group develop into unbranched filaments, one cell thick, which grow, Coleochaetales The Coleochaetales are a family of parenchymous charophyte algae. They questionably include the fossil genus Parka and Charales Charales is an order of pondweeds, freshwater algae in the division Charophyta. They are green plants believed to be the closest relatives of the green land plants. Linnaeus established the genus in 1753 in Streptophyta.[2]
References
- ^ Green plants
- ^ Turmel M, Otis C, Lemieux C (2005). "The complete chloroplast DNA sequences of the charophycean green algae Staurastrum and Zygnema reveal that the chloroplast genome underwent extensive changes during the evolution of the Zygnematales". BMC Biol. 3: 22. doi The Digital Object Identifier System is a managed system for persistent identification of content-related entities on digital networks. These entities may be content items (digital files, physical objects, abstract works), or any related entities in a content transaction (e.g. licenses, parties, etc.). "DOI" is sometimes used to mean the:10.1186/1741-7007-3-22. PMID 16236178. PMC PubMed Central is a free digital database of full-text scientific literature in biomedical and life sciences: 1277820. http://www.biomedcentral.com/1741-7007/3/22.
This Alga Algae are a large and diverse group of simple, typically autotrophic organisms, ranging from unicellular to multicellular forms. The largest and most complex marine forms are called seaweeds. They are photosynthetic, like plants, and "simple" because they lack the many distinct organs found in land plants. For that reason they are-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
| Polysporangiates Polysporangiophytes are plants with a structure of branching axes terminating in sporangia. This includes most land plants except for the bryophytes. Its definition is independent of the presence of vascular tissue. The earliest known polysporangiophytes are genera such as the famous Cooksonia and Aglaophyton |
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| Tracheophytes The embryophytes are the most familiar group of plants. They include trees, flowers, ferns, mosses, and various other green land plants. All are complex multicellular eukaryotes with specialized reproductive organs. With very few exceptions, embryophytes obtain their energy through photosynthesis ; and they synthesize their food from carbon |
| Eutracheophytes Vascular plants are those plants that have lignified tissues for conducting water, minerals, and photosynthetic products through the plant. Vascular plants include the ferns, clubmosses, flowering plants, conifers and other gymnosperms. Scientific names for the group include Tracheophyta and Tracheobionta, but neither name is very widely used.[ |
| Euphyllophytina |
| Lignophytes |
| Spermatophytes The spermatophytes (also known as phanerogams) comprise those plants that produce seeds. They are a subset of the embryophytes or land plants. The living spermatophytes form five groups: |
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Pteridospermatophyta Pteridospermatophyta, also called seed ferns, is an extinct spermatophyte group of the Plantae kingdom. Members of this division were predominant at the late Devonian, declined some 250 million years ago, and mostly disappeared by the Cretaceous, though fossil evidence indicates that they survived into the Eocene in Tasmania. The † (seed ferns)
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Cycadophyta Cycads are a group of seed plants characterized by a large crown of compound leaves and a stout trunk. They are evergreen, gymnospermous, dioecious plants having large pinnately compound leaves. They are frequently confused with and mistaken for palms or ferns, but are related to neither, belonging to the division Cycadophyta (cycads)
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Pinophyta The conifers, division Pinophyta, also known as division Coniferophyta or Coniferae, are one of 13 or 14 division level taxa within the Kingdom Plantae. They are cone-bearing seed plants with vascular tissue; all extant conifers are woody plants, the great majority being trees with just a few being shrubs. Typical examples of conifers include (conifers)
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Ginkgophyta The Ginkgoaceae is a family of gymnosperms which appeared during the Mesozoic Era, of which the only extant representative is Ginkgo biloba, which is for this reason sometimes regarded as a living fossil. Formerly, however, there were several other genera (ginkgo)
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Gnetophyta The plant division Gnetophyta or gnetophytes comprise three related families of woody plants grouped in the gymnosperms. The gnetophytes differ from other gymnosperms in having vessel elements as in the flowering plants (ephedra)
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Magnoliophyta The flowering plants or angiosperms are the most widespread group of land plants. The flowering plants and the gymnosperms are the only extant groups of seed plants. The flowering plants are distinguished from other seed plants by a series of apomorphies, or derived characteristics (flowering plants)
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Progymnospermophyta †
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| Pteridophyta A fern is any one of a group of about 20,000 species of plants classified in the phylum or division Pteridophyta, also known as Filicophyta. The group is also referred to as Polypodiophyta, or Polypodiopsida when treated as a subdivision of tracheophyta . The term "pteridophyte" has traditionally been used to describe all seedless |
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Rhyniophyta Rhyniophyta is a division of early vascular plants including the class Rhyniopsida. Its circumscription of included species has changed as additional information is revealed in the form of new fossils or new analysis. In particular, some specimens previously included in the group are now known to lack vascular tissue, and so cannot be included in †
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Aglaophyton Aglaophyton major was the sporophyte generation of diplohaplontic, pre-vascular, axial, free-sporing land plant of the Lower Devonian that had anatomical features intermediate between those of the bryophytes and vascular plants or tracheophytes †
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Horneophytopsida Horneophytopsida is a class of early vascular plants including the genera Caia, Tortilicaulis, and Horneophyton. Although formerly classified among the Rhyniophyta, the group is distinctive for having branched sporangia, and lacking true xylem †
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reproductive structure of
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| Classification of Archaeplastida The Archaeplastida are a major line of eukaryotes, comprising the land plants, green and red algae, and a small group called the glaucophytes. All of these organisms have plastids surrounded by two membranes, suggesting they developed directly from endosymbiotic cyanobacteria. In all other groups, plastids are surrounded by three or four membranes, / Plantae sensu lato Plants are living organisms belonging to the kingdom Plantae. They include familiar organisms such as trees, herbs, bushes, grasses, vines, ferns, mosses, and green algae. About 350,000 species of plants, defined as seed plants, bryophytes, ferns and fern allies, are estimated to exist currently. As of 2004, some 287,655 species had been |
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| Rhodophyta The red algae (or Rhodophyta, pronounced /roʊˈdɒfɨtə, ˌroʊdəˈfaɪtə/, from Greek: ῥόδον = rose + φυτόν (phyton) = plant, thus red plant) are one of the oldest groups of eukaryotic algae, and also one of the largest, with about 5,000–6,000 species of mostly multicellular, marine algae, including many notable seaweeds. Other |
Rhodophyceae · Bangiophyceae Bangiophyceae was a class of red algae; it has since been merged with the Floridophyceae to form the Rhodophyceae. The Bangiophyceae, as defined traditionally, are paraphyletic.. Their taxonomic identification has been difficult because of a lack of distinct morphological features, and the presumed morphological plasticity of the species · Florideophyceae Florideophyceae was a class of red algae. It is now merged with the Bangiaceae into the Rhodophyceae. They were once thought to be the only algae to bear pit connections, but these have since been found in the filamentous stage of the Bangiacae · Goniotrichales · Stylonematophyceae
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| Glaucocystophyceae The glaucophytes, also known as glaucocystophytes or glaucocystids, are a small group of freshwater microscopic algae. Together with the red algae and Viridiplantae they form the Archaeplastida. However, the relationships between the red algae, green algae and glaucophytes are unclear, in large part due to limited study of the glaucophytes |
Glaucocystis · Cyanophora · Gloeochaete
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| Viridiplantae In some classification systems they have been treated as a kingdom, under various names, e.g. Viridiplantae, Chlorobionta, or simply Plantae/
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Chlorophyta Chlorophyta, a division of green algae, includes about 7000 species of mostly aquatic photosynthetic eukaryotic organisms. Like the land plants , green algae contain chlorophylls a and b, and store food as starch in their plastids. They are related to the Charophyta and Embryophyta (land plants), together making up the Viridiplantae/GA The green algae are the large group of algae from which the embryophytes (higher plants) emerged. As such, they form a paraphyletic group, although the group including both green algae and embryophytes is monophyletic (and often just known as kingdom Plantae). The green algae include unicellular and colonial flagellates, usually but not always
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Bryopsidophyceae In taxonomy, the Bryopsidophyceae are a class of green algae, in the division Chlorophyta · Chlorophyceae The Chlorophyceae are one of the classes of green algae, distinguished mainly on the basis of ultrastructural morphology. For example the chlorophycean CW clade, and chlorophycean DO clade, are defined by the arrangement of their flagella. Members of the CW clade have flagella that are displaced in a "clockwise" direction eg · Pedinophyceae In taxonomy, the Pedinomonadaceae are a family of algae. They are small single-celled algae. Each cell has a single flagellum. It has been proposed to be either in the Mamiellales or the Ulvophyceae, but it has not been studied enough to confidently place it · Pleurastrophyceae In taxonomy, the Pleurastrophyceae are a class of green algae, in the division Chlorophyta. It was created by Mattox and Stewart in 1984, containing four genera. More recent classifications tend to split the group. On the one hand, Tetraselmis seems to be a sister to the so-called UTC clade , thus making it part of the (paraphyletic) · Prasinophyceae In taxonomy, Prasinophytes are a class of the Division Chlorophyta. These are primitive eukaryotic, marine green algae. Its best known genus is Ostreococcus , which is considered to be the smallest (ca. 0.95 μm) free-living eukaryote and which has been detected in marine samples around the world. Prasinophytes are thought to have low cellular · Trebouxiophyceae In taxonomy, the Trebouxiophyceae are a class of green algae, in the division Chlorophyta · Ulvophyceae The Ulvophyceae or Ulvophytes are class of green algae, distinguished mainly on the basis of ultrastructural morphology. The sea lettuce, Ulva, belongs here. Other well-known members include Ulothrix and Acetabularia. The Ulvophytes are diverse in their morphology and their habitat. Most are seaweeds such as those listed above. Others, such as
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Streptophyta
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see also list of plant orders
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Categories: Green algae | Plant taxonomy
